trumpet to announce the beginning and end of the Sabbath day, lit the lamps, removed and returned the scrolls to the chest, and sometimes served as principal of the synagogue school. The order of service rarely varied and usually included the recitation of the Shema or doctrinal creed (Deut. 6:4–9; 11:13–21; Num. 15:37–41) with benediction both before and after, a prayer, the reading of the Law, the reading of the Prophets, a sermon or discourse, and the final blessing or benediction. Often guests